Courses of Study

English 9, Level 1

1010    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This literature-based course will utilize experiences that include higher level thinking processes while exploring a wide range of genres. Students will be required to use diverse resources throughout the course as they continue to develop their perspective, self-knowledge, and empathy for others. Writing assignments will focus on developing and organizing ideas in a range of modes including literary analysis, researched argument, and self-reflection. Speaking, listening, and vocabulary skills will also be emphasized through formal and informal class discussions. Students will complete performance tasks that require them to apply the skills and understandings focused on throughout the course.

English 9, Level 2

1020    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This literature-based course will utilize experiences that include higher level thinking processes while exploring a wide range of genres. Students will be required to use diverse resources throughout the course as they continue to develop their perspective, self-knowledge, and empathy for others. Writing assignments will focus on developing and organizing ideas in a range of modes including literary analysis, argument, and self-reflection. Speaking, listening, and vocabulary skills will also be emphasized through class discussions and multimedia presentations. Students will complete performance tasks that require them to apply the skills and understandings focused on throughout the course. 

English 9, Level 3

1030    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This course is designed for students who need remedial work in English. The students explore a wide range of genres with the emphasis on practical comprehension and communication skills including speaking and listening in group discussions and in presentations, writing clearly with a specific audience in mind, and using research skills to find and evaluate information from a variety of sources. This course does not prepare students for the rigors of higher education. 

English 10, Level 1

1041    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This literature-based course will utilize experiences that include higher level thinking processes while exploring a wide range of genres. Students will be required to use diverse resources throughout the course as they continue to develop their perspective, self-knowledge, and empathy for others. Writing assignments will focus on developing and organizing ideas in a range of modes including literary analysis, argument, and self-reflection. Speaking, listening, and vocabulary skills will also be emphasized through class discussions and multimedia presentations. Students will complete performance tasks that require them to apply the skills and understandings focused on throughout the course.

English 10, Level 2

1042    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This literature-based course will utilize experiences that include higher level thinking processes while exploring a wide range of genres. Students will be required to use diverse resources throughout the course as they continue to develop their perspective, self-knowledge, and empathy for others. Writing assignments will focus on developing and organizing ideas in a range of modes including literary analysis, argument, and self-reflection. Speaking, listening, and vocabulary skills will also be emphasized through class discussions and multimedia presentations. Students will complete performance tasks that require them to apply the skills and understandings focused on throughout the course. 

English 10, Level 3

1043    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This course is designed for students who need remedial work in English. The students explore a wide range of genres with the emphasis on practical comprehension and communication skills including speaking and listening in group discussions and in presentations, writing clearly with a specific audience in mind, and using research skills to find and evaluate information from a variety of sources. This course does not prepare students for the rigors of higher education. 

English 11, Level 1

1051    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

In this course, students critically examine the American experience through reading, writing, speaking, and listening. In addition to analyzing literature, students will also be challenged to apply skills through a variety of performance tasks that include writing a personal narrative, designing a social media campaign, composing a literature comparison, and presenting in both group and individual formats.

English 11, Level 2

1052    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

In this course, students critically examine the American experience through reading, writing, speaking, and listening. In addition to analyzing literature, students will also be challenged to apply skills through a variety of performance tasks that include creating an original allegory, writing a persuasive piece for an authentic audience, composing a personal narrative, and participating in Socratic Seminars.

English 11, Level 3

1053    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

In this course, students critically examine the American experience through reading, writing, speaking, and listening. In addition to analyzing literature, students will also be challenged to apply skills through a variety of performance tasks that include writing a personal narrative, designing a social media campaign, composing a literature comparison, and presenting in both group and individual formats.

Capstone Communications, Level 1

1061    Grade 12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This class equips students with the skills they need to be successful communicators in the 21st Century. In both creative and practical ways, students will apply and hone skills related to critical reading, clear and concise writing, active listening, and public speaking. They will work individually and collaboratively as they grow to understand the relationship between context, audience, and form in both written and verbal communications. Assessments for this course are performance based: speeches, writings, and other small projects. The course culminates in a final performance-based assessment that will reflect the skills they have practiced and the understanding that clear and effective communication is vital to their post-high school lives. 

Capstone Communications, Level 2

1062    Grade 12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Although the course material and assessments typically mirror that of the Level 1 course and is designed for college-bound students, the course includes additional teacher scaffolding. 

This class equips students with the skills they need to be successful communicators in the 21st Century. In both creative and practical ways, students will apply and hone skills related to critical reading, clear and concise writing, active listening, and public speaking. They will work individually and collaboratively as they grow to understand the relationship between context, audience, and form in both written and verbal communications. Assessments for this course are performance based: speeches, writings, and other small projects. The course culminates in a final performance based assessment that will reflect the skills they have practiced and the understanding that clear and effective communication is vital to their post-high school lives. 

Capstone Communications, Level 3

1063    Grade 12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

This course is designed for students who need remedial work in English. The students explore a wide range of genres with the emphasis on practical comprehension and communication skills including speaking and listening in group discussions and in presentations, writing clearly with a specific audience in mind, and using research skills to find and evaluate information from a variety of sources. This course does not prepare students for the rigors of higher education.

Accelerated English

1298    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   Placement based upon high achievement in ninth grade Level 1 English and faculty recommendation. 

Accelerated English combines the core content of tenth and eleventh grade Level 1 English. Students enrolled in this course will complete summer reading assignments, which will be covered during the school year along with other pieces of literature at a pace, which is suitable for a student who has a high aptitude in English. The course will include a study of non-fiction and fiction in the form of short stories, poetry, novels, and plays with an emphasis on the study of literature in a historical context and literary analysis. Students will also receive instruction on a wide variety of writing assignments including analysis, research, and creative response. Students who take this course must enroll in AP Language and Composition during their junior year. 

Advanced Placement English Language and Composition

1300    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   Strong recommendation from previous year’s English teacher.

This course emphasizes close reading and rhetorical analysis of non-fiction, as well as a study of argument, synthesis, and composition. The course trains high school students to become skilled readers of prose written in a variety of rhetorical contexts, and in becoming skilled writers who compose for a variety of purposes. It mirrors the goals of a first year college composition course, which primarily is intended to prepare students to write effectively and confidently in their college courses across the curriculum and in their professional and personal lives. As such, it requires students to perform college-level work and to approach the class with a college-level attitude. This course is intended for students prepared and willing to go beyond the expectations of the Level 1 English course. Students have the option to take the AP English Language and Composition exam in May but are not required to do so to receive academic credit for the course. Dual enrollment credit is also available through Harrisburg University’s College in the High School program. Details will be provided at the beginning of the semester. 

While strong academic performance in previous English classes is advantageous, grades are not the only prerequisite for acceptance. Self-motivated, intellectually curious students with strong independent reading backgrounds and solid writing skills will be considered. Interested students should complete an application and submit written application responses via Google Classroom. Students who are accepted into the class will receive an invitation to attend a mandatory introductory meeting to review summer reading and writing assignments. Failure to complete these assignments over the summer will not be acceptable reasons for dropping the course. 

Advanced Placement English Literature And Composition

1305    Grade 12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   Strong teacher recommendation from 10th and 11th grade English and primarily A’s in 10th and 11th grade English, or A’s and B’s in AP Language and Composition.

The course provides intensive study of representative works from various genres and periods, focusing on works of recognized literary merit and encouraging the development of literary analysis through close readings and analytical writings. Writing is an integral part of the course and involves explaining judgments about a work’s artistry and exploring underlying social and cultural values through analysis, interpretation, and argument. It is for students who are capable of doing college-level work in English and willing to devote the energy necessary to complete a course more rigorous and demanding than other high school English courses designed for the college-bound student. 

It is preferred that the student have primarily “A’s” in Level I English classes or “A’s” and “B’s” in AP Language and Composition. However, success in this class is not solely determined by previous performance in English classes. A student who enjoys reading challenging literature and can keep up with the rigorous expectations may be successful in the class. Interested students must complete an application. Students will receive summer reading and writing assignments involving multiple works of literature prior to the end of the school year. Failure to complete these assignments over the summer will not be acceptable reasons for dropping the course.

Journalism I

1490    Grades 9-12    .5 Credit    1 Semester

Prerequisite: Students must achieve at least a “B” average in English and have the recommendation of the English department, counseling department and high school staff to be eligible.

This course explores all aspects of journalism, including studying and writing the following: news, features, editorials, interviews, headlines, and captions. Emphasis is on reading samples of student writing and samples of professional writing and then developing articles based on the appropriate format. Other units include layout and design, proofreading and editing, newspaper style, advertising and careers. 

Film Literacy

1520  Grades 9-12  1 Credit    1 Semester   Weight of 1.1

This course will move students beyond that of a spectator, immersing them in the art of film. Students in this course will need to have the ability to not only identify but discuss and analyze the literary, dramatic, and cinematic elements in film. Storytelling is the most common way that we communicate to one another. Stories told via film have a tremendous influence on our attitudes and perceptions of the world around us. In fact, films may be one of the most powerful tools in modern culture for shaping values and conveying information. By viewing, studying, discussing and writing about film, students will develop and demonstrate skills in technological, cultural, and media literacy, as well as critical thinking skills that will serve them well in the future.

Theatre I

1530  Grades 9-12    1 Credit   1 Semester   Weight of 1.1

This beginning level course introduces students to the various aspects of theatre: History, Improvisation, Movement, Voice and Diction, and Acting and Design. After a unit on the history of theatre, students gain first hand experience by participating in classroom activities. These activities will include performing monologues, performing in scenes and designing set and costumes.

Science Fiction

1150  Grades 10-12  1 Credit    1 Semester   Weight of 1.1

This elective course is for students who are interested in examining science fiction and exploring the topics within, including artificial intelligence, time travel, extraterrestrial intelligent life, space travel, dystopian societies, and fantasy. This course explores the emergence of science fiction, especially from the late 19th century to the present, with some attention to the cultural and historical issues that shaped its development. Students will read at least four significant texts from the genre along with numerous short stories, films, and other works. 

Reading/Writing Workshop

1180  Grades 10-12  1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.2

This elective course is for students who are passionate about reading and writing and have a desire to hone those skills. This course will allow for independent choice reading in addition to focused, guided whole class examination of a variety of mentor texts. Students will also complete a number of written assignments in a variety of genres. Writing instruction will include emphasis on the revision process with consideration of craft, style, and conventions.

Dramatic Influences

1230  Grades 10-12   1 Credit   1 Semester   Weight of 1.2

This elective course explores how plays and drama have affected and reflected cultural shifts, political work, and global progress throughout history. The class will focus on plays exploring many times and issues, including ancient Greece and politics, the English renaissance and power, Scandinavian realism and self-realization, mid-century America and equality, and the modern immigrant experience. This is not a performance class, and is open to all experience levels. 

Contempory Storytelling

1380  Grades 10-12  1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.2

Contemporary Storytelling is a media studies and media production course. Over the course of the semester, students will develop an understanding of how writers and producers harness the power of digital media to share stories. In the beginning weeks, students will build a diverse subject vocabulary, which will empower them to move from passive viewers to critical consumers of media. Lessons within this section include basic elements of engaging scriptwriting, conversion of raw footage into a narrative arc, and crafting interview questions to mine vulnerability. Then, through studying a wide range of documentaries, political and marketing campaigns, docuseries episodes, and podcasts, students will consider the choices of the storyteller and how these decisions impact the consumers’ experience. They will write scripts, research, film, interview, and edit their digital product, ultimately creating a product to publish.

Creative Writing

1390  Grades 10-12  1 Credit   1 Semester   Weight of 1.2

This course is designed for students who would like to enhance their awareness of creative writing techniques across the following genres: memoir, fiction, poetry, and children's literature. Students in the course also serve as editorial board members of The Muse, MASH's annual literary magazine. With a variety of opportunities to workshop and critique peer writing and produce an authentic publication, students will learn how creative writers work in a community to collectively grow.

Yearbook Publication Skills

7090    Grades 10-12    .25 Credit     Each Semester

Yearbook Publications is an elective course that provides students an invaluable experience in yearbook production. Students plan, finance, execute and distribute MASH’s annual publications, The Artisan and The Artisan Spring Supplement. Learning experiences include advertising, marketing, layout, graphic design, photography and copywriting. Students must be willing to accept the discipline of meeting deadlines and to work both individually and as a part of a team.

Language Composition I

1610    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Diagnostic Assessment

This course is for English Language Development (ELD) with beginning English skills. The class focuses on developing a foundation in reading, writing, speaking and listening comprehension skills. The course content focuses on developing language for both real-world and classroom settings. Students will explore strategies that increase language and content learning in all classes. Writing skills will focus on writing clear sentences and organized paragraphs.

Language Composition II

1620    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Diagnostic Assessment

This course is for English Language Development (ELD) with intermediate English skills. The content builds on the reading, writing, listening and speaking skills of Language Composition I. There is a continued focus on developing reading comprehension strategies that help in the real-world and academic settings. Students will explore the components and organization of fiction and non-fiction literature. Writing skills developed will include writing well- organized opinion and expository essays.

Reading

1630    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Diagnostic Assessment

This course is for English Language Development (ELD) with advanced English skills. The content builds on the reading, writing, listening and speaking skills of Language Composition I and Language Composition II. Various forms of fiction and non-fiction are explored including short stories, novels and plays. Speaking skills focus on writing and delivering speeches and presentations. Writing skills focus on improving essay writing and exploring the process and organization of research writing.

American Studies 1898 to the Present-Day

Level 1 (2010), Level 2 (2020), Level 3 (2025)

2010    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

2020    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

2025    Grade 9    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

This course continues an American Studies sequential program presented at the elementary level and grade 8. It is designed to give students a survey of American History from the turn of the 19th Century to the present-day. The course investigates the political, social, economic, and cultural events from the 1890s through the 2000’s. In 9th grade American Studies, we will approach the 20th and 21st Centuries American History thematically.

It is crucial for us to analyze, evaluate and appreciate America’s past so that we can understand our current discussion’s about America’s role in today’s world. This course will introduce the concepts, materials, and tools employed in the discipline history. An emphasis is placed on cause and effect, primary, and secondary sources, and the development of critical thinking and writing skills. The nine historical thinking skills used by historians which include, causation, continuity, & change over time, periodization, comparison, contextualization, argumentation, analyzing evidence, interpretation, and synthesis, will be applied to key concepts throughout the course.

The basic difference between levels one, two, and three are largely the depth of the material covered, discussion, the difficulty of the assessment program, scaffolding and accommodations provided on learning assignments and assessments, and the weighting system. The amount of reading material and the formal writing required in level one will be greater than level two.

World Cultures

Level 1 (2030), Level 2 (2040), Level 3 (2045)

2030    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

2040    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

2045    Grade 10    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

This is a required course that provides students with geographical, historical, political, cultural, and economic information relating to various world regions. The course contains five major units of study, Introduction to Culture, Middle East, Africa, South Asia, and East Asia. There is a strong emphasis on contemporary issues and problems of each world region. The distinguishing criteria between levels 1, 2 and 3 are depth and detail of discussion. Level 3 will use course content to enhance students’ reading and writing skills. Assessments also vary according to the level of the class.

Advanced Placement U.S. Government & Politics

2050  Grades 11-12  1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.3

The AP Government & Politics course, students learn about the core principles of American government and the U.S Constitution, the structure and processes of the three branches of government, and the impact that political parties, public opinion polls, and interest groups have on the creation of public policy. In this course, students examine many of the documents that were instrumental in the shaping of government that we use today. They also learn about historic decisions made by past presidents and Congress, as well as some of the most consequential rulings of the U.S Supreme Court.

This course will prepare students for the Advanced Placement exam that is offered by the College Board in May. Students are encouraged (but not required) to take the AP exam, which can be used to earn college credit. 

Successful completion of Advanced Placement United States Government and politics will fulfill the required Government credit needed in Social Studies.

Government & Economics

Level 1 (2055), Level 2 (2065), Level 3 (2066)

2055    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

2065    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

2066    Grade 11    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

The Government and Economics consists of one marking period of American Government followed by one marking period of Economics. The two marking periods are averaged together to formulate the overall course grade. In the American Government portion of the course, students learn about the three branches of government, the rights and protection provided by the U.S. Constitution, and the political process (including political parties, campaigns, and elections and voting). 

The distinguishing criteria between levels 1, 2 and 3 are depth and detail of discussion. Level 3 will use course content to enhance students’ reading and writing skills. Assessments also vary according to the level of the class.

Sociology

Level 1 (2080), Level 2 (2090)

2080  Grades 11-12   1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.2

2090  Grades 11-12  1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.1

Although introductory in nature, this course offers students an opportunity to explore the origin, development, organization, and functioning of human society. Since we are living in an age of rapid social change, this course seeks to reflect in its basic structure the evolution of our society and the problems facing it. Major areas include crime and delinquency, family problems, population explosion, minority groups, religious and ethical ideals, psychological factors involved in group behavior, group organization and function, gerontology and demography, and major health programs and problems. The distinguishing criteria between levels 1 and 2 are depth and detail of discussion. Test construction also varies according to the level of the class. Some topics may be added or deleted dependent upon the needs and interest of the class and the individual student.

Global Perspectives

2115  Grades 10-12  1 Credit    1 Semester  Weight of 1.1

This course is designed to explore a wide variety of international issues that face the United States and the world today. Topics include overpopulation and national population policies, energy use and production, environmental issues, and global hunger. As these issues are explored, the national and international organizations, both governmental and non- governmental, and efforts that address these issues will also be examined. The goal of the course is to provide a globally oriented perspective of the challenges of the 21st century, and how the United States has and will play a part in those dynamics. This course will require out of class reading assignments and research-based projects.

American Law

2120  Grades 10-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.2

In this course, students learn about criminal law, civil law, and the role that judges, jurors, and attorneys play in the American legal system. Students explore different types of crimes and lawsuits and learn about the process used to determine the outcome of cases at trial. Students also learn about the appellate process, the U.S. Supreme Court, and the impact that Supreme Court rulings have on our freedoms and daily lives. Any student who is interested in continuing education in the fields of law, criminal justice, or political science should be encouraged to take this course. 

Advanced Placement United States American History

2130  Grades 11-12    1 Credit    1 Semester  Weight of 1.3

Advanced Placement U.S. American History is an accredited College Board course that culminates in the Advanced Placement American History Examination. Students will have the opportunity to earn college credit based on their scores from this examination.

The study of American History since 1491 introduces students to significant events, individuals, developments, and processes in nine historical periods.

• Period 1: c.1491 to 1607
• Period 2: 1607 to 1754
• Period 3: 1754 to 1800
• Period 4: 1800 to 1848
• Period 5: 1848 to 1877
• Period 6: 1877 to 1898
• Period 7: 1898 to 1945
• Period 8: 1945 to 1980
• Period 9: 1980 to the present

The course is designed to provide students with the analytical skills and factual knowledge necessary to deal critically with the problems and topics in American History. In addition to providing a basic narrative of historical developments, the course seeks to apprentice students to the practice of history by explicitly stressing the development of historical thinking skills. The nine historical thinking skills used by historians include, causation, continuity & change over time, periodization, comparison, contextualization, argumentation, analyzing evidence, interpretation (primary and secondary sources, point-of-view, and historiography), and synthesis, and will be applied to key concepts throughout the course.

Successful completion of Advanced Placement American History will fulfill the American History Social Studies requirement.

Advanced Placement Psychology

2140  Grades 11-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.3

The core goals of Advanced Placement Psychology are to provide students with the analytical skills and factual knowledge necessary to critically evaluate and apply concepts of the study of psychology. This various facets of this course prepares students for intermediate and advanced college courses, by making demands upon them that are equal to those of full year introductory courses. In this course, students will learn to assess current psychological research, as it relates to interpretive problems, and to weigh the evidence and interpretations presented by various psychology scholars. This approach will allow students to develop the necessary skills to arrive at conclusions by utilizing informed judgements. It will also allow them to formulate and present reasoned arguments, and allow them to evaluate clearly and persuasively in an essay-based format. Additionally, the course will require a significant level of reading of primary research documents, and grades will focus heavily on tests research-based projects and various writing assignments.

Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement test offered by the College Board in May, with the goal of earning college credit.

Psychology

Level 1 (2150), Level 2 (2155)

2150  Grades 10-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.2

2155  Grades 10-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.1

This course is an introduction to the study of psychology. The primary scope of the course will include the following: principles of learning, the study of human behavior, memory, personality development, the brain and its functions, emotions, mental health and lifespan development. The course also provides students with useful and practical knowledge of the human mind and its functions that will add meaning and understanding to their lives. The distinguishing criteria between levels 1 and 2 are expectations for writing and assessments. 

Modern American Conflict Since 1945

2170  Grades 10-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.1

The Modern American Conflict course is designed as a military history course with a focus on our involvement in foreign conflicts since the end of the Second World War, including the conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, the Middle East, and Afghanistan. A key element of the course is a survey of the branches of the United States Armed Forces. 

Vital to the course is an analysis and developing opinion of geopolitics (e.g., Mahan & Mackinder), the impact of domestic politics on America's wars, and realist/idealist ideologies, which govern our worldviews. This focus on military history will be a blend of military arts and science at the strategic and tactical level of war (e.g., Sun Tzu & Clausewitz) as well as an infusion of active duty and veterans' testimony, including guest speakers who have been deployed to various conflict zones.

Officers currently enrolled in the United States Army War College also visit our classroom to discuss global events and America’s role in an ever-changing world. Over the years, past speakers have covered the conflicts in the Middle East; the rising tensions with China due to the development of artificial islands in the South China Sea; Russia's continued aggression in the Baltics and Ukraine; ISIS and irregular warfare; and the effects of cybersecurity on international relations, etc.

Throughout the semester, students are expected to read manageable pieces of text, write regularly, collaborate with their peers as part of instruction, and submit work on time.

Advanced Placement European History

2180  Grades 11-12    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.3

Advanced Placement European History is an accredited College Board course that culminates in the Advanced Placement European History Examination. Students have the potential to earn college credit based on their scores from this examination. 

The study of European History since 1450 introduces students to significant events, individuals, developments, and processes in four historical periods.

• Period 1: c.1450 to c.1648
• Period 2: c.1648 to c. 1815
• Period 3: c.1815 to 1914
• Period 4: c.1914 to the present

The course provides 5 themes (interaction of Europe & the world; poverty & prosperity; objective knowledge & subjective visions; states and other institutions of power; and individual & society) that students explore throughout the course in order to create connections among historical connections developments in different times and places.

In addition to providing a basic narrative of historical developments, the course seeks to apprentice students to the practice of history by explicitly stressing the development of historical thinking skills. The nine historical thinking skills used by historians include, causation, continuity & change over time, periodization, comparison, contextualization, argumentation, analyzing evidence, interpretation, (primary and secondary sources, point of view, and historiography) and the synthesis, and will be applied to key concepts throughout the course.

Students will:

• Learn to analyze historical evidence and write analytical and interpretive essays as they explore the major themes of European History.
• Research the past by exploring the vibrant and engaging pieces of historical evidence such as paintings, photographs, letters and cartoons.

Deepen their understanding of reading and concepts through regular class discussions.

Advanced Placement Human Geography

2185  Grade 10    1 Credit   1 Semester  Weight of 1.3

Advanced Placement Human Geography is a semester long college level course geared for 10th grade students who are looking to be academically challenged and learn more about the interaction between people and geography. The course will focus on a variety of topics including geographic thinking, population migration, culture, political geography, agriculture, urbanization and development.



Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement test offered by the College Board in May, with the goal of earning college credit. Students interested in this course are required to obtain the recommendation of their current Social Studies teacher.

Successful completion of Advanced Placement Human Geography will meet the non-western Social Studies requirement.

Civil Rights Legacy

2200  Grades 10-12    .25 Credit   1 Semester ( 1X per Cycle, Day 6)

In this course, students will explore the Civil Rights movement and its legacy in America. Students will first consider the origins of Black History through the study of topics in Colonial America, the Revolutionary War, the Antebellum Era, the Civil War, and Reconstruction. Through research, debate, and classroom discussion, students will continue their walk through American history by analyzing the methods used by Civil Rights leaders to fight for desegregation and voting rights. Finally, the course will conclude with an examination of the continuing legacy of the African-American struggle for equality. Active classroom participation and discussion will be the primary methods of acquiring information and assessment in this course.

Pre-Algebra

3100        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Teacher recommendation.

This course includes a more rigorous treatment of the concepts necessary for completion of Algebra I. These concepts include operations with integers and rational numbers, coordinate geometry, probability, ratio and proportion, measurements of length, area and volume and properties of exponents. This course develops algebra concepts necessary to solve multistep equations and inequalities, and graph linear equations in two variables.

Algebra I, Level 1

3010        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   At least an 85% in MMS Intro to Algebra or teacher recommendation.

This course develops fundamentals, language, and techniques of algebra in the operations of the real number system. Topics included are signed numbers, algebraic sentences, equations, real number properties, special products and factoring, algebraic fractions, powers, roots, linear equations and systems, linear inequalities, the concept of function, simple quadratic functions, radicals, and graphic analysis of linear equations. The level 1 course also includes proportion and variation. The differences between level 1 and level 2 are the depth and detail involved in the development of major concepts and the style of discussion. Test construction also varies with the level. It is recommended that academically oriented students with an "A" average in eighth grade math select level 1.

Algebra I, Level 2

3020        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Grade 8 or Pre-Algebra.

This course develops fundamentals, language, and techniques of algebra in the operations of the real number system. Topics included are signed numbers, algebraic sentences, equations, real number properties, special products and factoring, algebraic fractions, powers, roots, linear equations and systems, linear inequalities, the concept of function, simple quadratic functions, radicals, and graphic analysis of linear equations.

Geometry, Level 1

3040        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A second semester average of at least an 80% in MMS Algebra I and teacher recommendation, or a 93% in Algebra I, Level 1 (3010).

This course is heavily dependent upon mastery of Algebra I skills. In this course students develop their skills in defining terms, thinking logically, and arriving at conclusions, both geometric and non-geometric. Lines, angles, circles, triangles, quadrilaterals and other geometric figures are studied. Students become familiar with two-column, paragraph, and indirect proofs. The relationship of geometry to arithmetic, algebra, and right triangle trigonometry is emphasized. In level 1 some basic concepts of solid geometry and probability also are developed. The differences between level 1 and level 2 are the depth and detail involved in the development of major concepts, the types of applications studied, and the style of discussion. Test construction varies with the level. It is recommended that academically oriented students select level 1.

Geometry, Level 2

3050        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Algebra I.

In this course students develop their skills in defining terms, thinking logically, and arriving at conclusions, both geometric and non-geometric. Lines, angles, circles, triangles, quadrilaterals and other geometric figures are studied. Students become familiar with two-column, paragraph, and indirect proofs. The relationship of geometry to arithmetic, algebra, and right triangle trigonometry is emphasized.

Algebra II, Level 1

3060        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   At least an 80% in Geometry, level 1 (3040) and a second semester average of 80% in MMS Algebra I.

This course extends concepts studied in Algebra I and develops new algebraic skills and techniques. Precise use of language and symbols is stressed. Topics covered include extension of certain topics of Algebra I with emphasis on linear equations and inequalities, operations with real and complex numbers, factoring, exponents, complex fractions, rational and radical equations, relations and functions, quadratic, exponential and logarithmic functions, and probability. The differences between level 1 and level 2 are the depth and detail involved in the development of major concepts and the style of discussion. Test construction also varies with the level. Students who are planning to elect Trigonometry and Pre-Calculus (3070), then Calculus and/or planning a career in mathematics or related fields should elect level 1.

Algebra II, Level 2

3065        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Geometry, level 2 (3050).

This course extends concepts studied in Algebra I and develops new algebraic skills and techniques. Precise use of language and symbols is stressed. Topics covered include extension of certain topics of Algebra I with emphasis on linear equations and inequalities, operations with real and complex numbers, factoring, exponents, complex fractions, rational and radical equations, relations and functions, quadratic, exponential and polynomial functions.

Data Science

3068        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   Successful completion of Algebra 1 level 2 and Geometry Level 2. May only be scheduled as a student’s third math credit towards graduation.

This course will provide students with a rich understanding and appreciation of how data is used by professionals to address real-world problems as well as how data is used in our normal daily lives. Students will learn how to apply this knowledge to identify and tackle real-world problems in our communities. Rather than focus on the calculation and development of data statistics, this course will analyze statistical information and graphics to identify patterns in data, generating hypotheses and developing critical questions.

Trigonometry and Pre-Calculus

3070        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A second semester average of at least 80% in Algebra II, level 1.

This course is intended as a pre-calculus course with a strong emphasis on trigonometry. Additionally, linear, quadratic, polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, and circular relations are studied. The concepts of limit and continuity are introduced.

Trigonometry and Selected Topics

3080        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   An average of at least an 85% in Algebra II, level 2 

This course includes a full year of trigonometry including basic trigonometric functions, trigonometric identities, the laws of sine and cosine, solving triangles, and application of trigonometry in real-world situations. Additional topics developed in this course are complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic functions, and sequences and series.

Statistics

3084        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Algebra 2, Level 1 or 2 (3010 or 3020)

This course provides students with the skills to analyze and interpret statistical data. The topics studied are descriptive statistics, probability, inferential statistical concepts, and inferential statistical methods. Technology will be an integral part of the learning process. Graphing calculators, spreadsheets, video lessons and internet-capable communications will be utilized.

AP Statistics

3085        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Algebra 2, Level 1 (3010), or at least a 93% or teacher recommendation in Algebra 2, Level 2.

This course provides students with the skills to analyze and interpret statistical data. The topics studies are descriptive statistics, probability, inferential statistical concepts, and inferential statistical methods. Technology will be an integral part of the learning process. Graphing calculators, spreadsheets, video lessons and internet-capable communications will be utilized. Students should expect to devote adequate time in outside-of-class preparation for this course. The Advanced Placement Statistics exam may be taken in May.

Elementary Concepts of Calculus

3088        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in Trigonometry and Pre-Calculus.

This course will concentrate on the elementary topics of calculus. Limits, derivatives and integrals will be the main focus but handled on a non-AP level. This course should not be substituted for a college level calculus; instead, it is intended for college-bound students who plan to study business, economics, management and/or the social and life sciences.

Advanced Placement Calculus I

3090        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   An 85% in Trigonometry and Pre-Calculus or teacher recommendation.

This course is intended for students who have a thorough knowledge of college preparatory mathematics, including algebra, axiomatic geometry, trigonometry, and analytic geometry (rectangular and polar coordinates, equations and graphs, lines, and conics). Calculus I is a course in introductory calculus with elementary functions. The course includes the topics studied in a first-semester college calculus class. Specific areas of study include informal and formal differentiation, indefinite and definite integration, application of the derivative and integral, transcendental functions, analytic geometry, and differential equations. Applications of calculus to real-world problems are emphasized. A graphing calculator is used extensively. Students should expect to devote adequate time in outside-of-class preparation for this course. The Advanced Placement Calculus AB exam may be taken in May.

Advanced Placement Calculus II

3095        1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   An earned credit in AP Calculus I with a second semester average of at least 80%.

This course is intended for students who have a thorough knowledge of analytic geometry and elementary functions in addition to college preparatory algebra, geometry, and trigonometry. The course extends the topics studied in Calculus I to include vector and parametrically defined functions, additional integration methods, and sequences and series. The Advanced Placement Calculus BC exam may be taken in May.

French I

4010    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   A “B” average in English.

This course is designed for beginning level and promotes Novice Mid-Level proficiency as defined by the World Readiness Standards for Language Learning. Students in this class will learn the listening, speaking, reading and writing skills that are fundamental to communicating in French. The class will also introduce students to the culture of the French speaking communities. At this introductory level there is particular emphasis on basic real-life communication. French I students will engage in interpretive (read, listen to and/or view information about the topic), interpersonal (talk with others about the topic in meaningful ways) and presentational (opportunity to share what you learned through writing or speaking) activities that will prepare them for French 2. 

French II

4030    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A "C" average in French I is recommended.

This course is for all students who satisfactorily completed the first year at the Middle or Senior High School. We continue to practice our four skills - reading, writing, listening, and speaking – in French and to focus on real-life communication as well as authentic culture of France and the French–speaking world. Students use critical thinking skills as they compare the French language and culture of the francophone world with their own community. By comparing their own habits and activities with those of the French, students gain a deeper understanding and appreciation of the similarities and differences between the two cultures. The proficiency of the student should be at the Novice High level as defined by the World Readiness Standards for Language Learning. 

French III

4050    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in French II is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed French II and promotes Novice-High to Intermediate-Mid level proficiency level as pertaining to the World Readiness Standards for Language Learning. This course emphasizes greater fluency in oral work and greater refinement of composition and sentence structure in written work. Listening, reading, writing and speaking are integrated within culturally authentic units focusing on daily life. Students use critical thinking skills as they compare the French language and culture of France and the French-speaking world with their own community. Hands-on, student-centered activities concentrate on effective communication.

French IV

4060    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in French III is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the third year of French and promotes Intermediate-Mid to Intermediate-High level proficiency in accordance with the standards set forth by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language. In this advanced course students are expected to use French exclusively. Emphasis is placed on greater fluency and further refinement of composition and sentence structure. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretive (reading, viewing and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken). Upon successful completion of French IV, students should be able to test out of several semesters of French at the college level.

Advanced Placement French Language and Culture

4065    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A 90% or higher in Honors French IV.

AP French is the equivalent of a fifth-semester college course. At the core of the AP French Language and Culture course are groups of learning objectives identifying what students should know and be able to do across the interpersonal, interpretive and presentational modes of communication (spoken, written, audio, visual and audiovisual). This course is structured around the following six themes: families and communities, global challenges, science and technology, contemporary life, personal and public identities, beauty and aesthetics. When communicating, students demonstrate an understanding of the francophone culture(s), incorporate interdisciplinary topics (Connections), make comparisons between the native language and the target language and between cultures (Comparisons), and use the target language in real- life settings (Communities). The proficiency of the student should be at the Intermediate High/Advanced Low level in accordance with the standards set forth by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language (ACTFL). This course will prepare students to successfully complete the Advanced Placement French Language and Culture Exam.

German I

4130    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in English.

This course promotes Novice Level proficiency as defined by the World Readiness Standards for Language Learning. German I will focus on the acquisition and meaning making of vocabulary and application of basic grammatical structures. Students will use a variety of authentic texts and media to develop their cultural awareness, as well as reading and listening skills. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) modes. Students will be expected to participate daily in speaking, listening, and writing activities. Language will be taught in the context of the cultural similarities and differences that exist between our home and places where German is spoken.

German II

4150    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A “C” average in German I is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the first year of German I (from the Middle School or Senior High) and promotes Novice-Mid level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. This course will build on the knowledge and skills of the previous year. Students will use a variety of authentic texts and media to further develop their cultural awareness, as well as reading and listening skills. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) modes. Students will participate in a variety of written and spoken activities that apply new and previously learned vocabulary and grammatical concepts. Cultural similarities and differences will be an integral element in language acquisition. Communication in German is an essential element of the class. Students will be expected to communicate daily in German. Instruction will be delivered primarily in German. This course will prepare students for German III.

German III

4170    Grades 10-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in German II is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the second year of German and promotes Novice-High to Intermediate-Mid level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. This course will build on the knowledge and skills of the previous two years. Students will learn daily idiomatic expressions, use a variety of authentic texts and media to expand their cultural awareness, acquire new vocabulary and build upon grammatical concepts of the German language. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) modes. Students will participate in engaging activities that apply and reinforce new and previously learning vocabulary and grammar in real-world situations. German III will be taught almost exclusively in German. Students are expected to actively communicate in the target language. This course will prepare students for the Honors German IV course (taught in conjunction with AP German).

German IV

4180    Grades 11-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in German III is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the third year of German and promotes Intermediate-Mid to Intermediate-High level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. The course is taught exclusively in German and in conjunction with AP German. Adaptations and accommodations will be made as students are not expected to perform at the same level as their peers in AP. Examples of adaptations include but are not limited to extended time on timed essays and adjusted rubrics. The course is structured around six overarching themes: Global Challenges, Science and Technology, Contemporary Life, Personal and Public Identities, Families and Communities and Beauty and Aesthetics. The study of cultural products, practices and perspectives is interwoven among the six themes as culture and language are intrinsically linked. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) modes. Students will increase their understanding of the German language and build proficiency toward the Intermediate-High level by: reading authentic texts from short stories to poetry, listening to native speakers, learning daily idiomatic expressions, exploring art through an historic lens, applying advanced grammatical structures, and expanding their cultural awareness. Students will actively participate in engaging activities that apply and reinforce new and previously learning vocabulary and grammar in real-world situations. As such, students are expected to communicate only in the target language. This course will ultimately prepare students for the Advanced Placement German Language and Culture course. Above all, the course seeks to develop language skills that are useful in themselves and that can be applied to various activities, contexts, and disciplines rather than to the mastery of any specific subject matter.

Exploring Spanish I

4067    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   A “C” average in English.

This course is designed for those students who want a basic understanding of Spanish. It is not intended for those who want more advanced studies of Spanish nor for the college bound student. With the large number of Spanish speakers in our country, students with a second language are often sought out and rewarded in the workplace. The focus of the course is vocabulary acquisition with understandings of basic grammar. The goal for reading, writing, speaking and listening skills will be at the novice low level of proficiency. Special attention is given to history, music, geography, arts and crafts, dance, and culture. Although the course curriculum covers much of the same material as offered in the Regular Spanish I class, this course will give more teacher direction and include pacing and materials more appropriate to the ability level of the students. After completing this course, the student may opt to take Exploring Spanish II or Regular Spanish I.

Exploring Spanish II

4068    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.0

Prerequisite:   A “C” average in Spanish I or Exploring Spanish I.

This course is designed for those students who want to continue to develop a basic understanding of Spanish. It is not intended for those who want more advanced studies of Spanish nor for the college bound student. It is a continuation of Exploring Spanish I; however, students of regular Spanish I may also opt to take this course, especially if they lack the confidence to take the step to regular Spanish II. The focus of the course is vocabulary acquisition with understandings of basic grammar. The goal for reading, writing, speaking and listening skills will be at the novice level of proficiency. Special attention is given to history, geography, arts and crafts, dance, music and other products, practices, and perspectives of the Hispanic culture. Although the course curriculum covers much of the same material as offered in the Regular Spanish I and II classes, this course will give more teacher direction and include pacing and materials more appropriate to the ability level of the students. At the completion of this course, students who wish to continue with advanced levels of Spanish must have the Spanish teacher recommendation and may qualify for Regular Spanish I or Regular Spanish II.

Spanish I

4070    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.1

Prerequisite:   A "C" average in English.

This course is designed for beginning level Spanish and promotes Novice Mid-Level proficiency as defined by the World Readiness Standards for Language Learning. Spanish I will focus on the acquisition and meaning making of vocabulary and application of basic grammatical structures. Students will use a variety of authentic texts and media to develop their cultural awareness, as well as reading and listening skills. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) Modes. Students will be expected to participate daily in speaking, listening, and writing activities. Language will be taught in the context of the cultural similarities and differences that exist between our home and places where Spanish is spoken.

Spanish II

4090    Grades 9-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in Spanish I is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the first year of Spanish I (from the Middle School or Senior High) and promotes Novice-High level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. This course will build on the knowledge and skills of the previous year. Students will use a variety of authentic texts and media to further develop their cultural awareness, as well as reading and listening skills. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) Modes. Students will participate in a variety of written and spoken activities that apply new and previously learned vocabulary and grammatical concepts. Cultural similarities and differences will be an integral element in language acquisition. Communication in Spanish is an essential element of the class. Students will be expected to communicate daily in Spanish. Instruction will be delivered primarily in Spanish. This course will prepare students for Spanish III.

Spanish III

4110    Grades 10-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.2

Prerequisite:   A “B” average in Spanish II is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the second year of Spanish and promotes Novice-High to Intermediate-Low level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. This course will build on the knowledge and skills of the previous two years. Students will use a variety of authentic texts and media to expand their cultural awareness, acquire new vocabulary and build upon grammatical concepts of the Spanish language. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) Modes. Students will participate in engaging activities that apply and reinforce new and previously learning vocabulary and grammar in real-world situations. Spanish III will be taught exclusively in Spanish. Students are expected to actively communicate in the target language. This course will prepare students for the Honors Spanish IV course.

Spanish IV

4120    Grades 11-12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A "B" average in Spanish III is recommended.

This course is designed for all students who have successfully completed the third year of Spanish and promotes Intermediate-Low to Intermediate-High level proficiency as defined by the World-Readiness Standards for Language Learning. The course is taught exclusively in Spanish. Students will interact in the three modes of communication within cultural contexts: Interpersonal (written and spoken), Interpretative (reading, viewing, and listening), and Presentational (written and spoken) Modes. Students will increase their understanding of the Spanish language and build proficiency toward the Intermediate-High level by: reading authentic texts from story stories to poetry, listening to native speakers, learning daily idiomatic expressions, exploring art through an historic lens, applying advanced grammatical structures, and expanding their cultural awareness. Students will actively participate in engaging activities that apply and reinforce new and previously learning vocabulary and grammar in real-world situations. As such, students are expected to communicate only in the target language. This course will ultimately prepare students for the Advanced Placement Spanish Language and Culture course.

AP Spanish Language and Culture

4125    Grade 12    1 Credit    1 Semester    Weight of 1.3

Prerequisite:   A 90% or higher in Honors Spanish IV.

The Advanced Placement Spanish Language and Culture is a College Board approved course designed for all students who have successfully completed the fourth year of Spanish. The course provides opportunities for students to demonstrate their proficiency across the three modes of communication (as outlined in the World-Readiness Standards for Learning Languages) in the Intermediate-High to Advanced-Low level. The course is structured around six overarching themes: Global Challenges, Science and Technology, Contemporary Life, Personal and Public Identities, Families and Communities and Beauty and Aesthetics. The study of cultural products, practices and perspectives in interwoven among the six themes as culture and language are intrinsically linked.

The course focuses on the integration of authentic resources including online print, audio, and audiovisual resources, as well as traditional print resources that include literature, essays, and articles with the goal of providing a rich, diverse learning experience. Students communicate using rich, advanced vocabulary and grammatical structures as they build proficiency toward the Advanced level. It is taught exclusively in Spanish and students are expected to communicate only in Spanish. This course will prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Spanish Language and Culture Exam through the College Board in May. Students may earn college credit by achieving a score of a 3, 4, or 5 on the AP Exam contingent on the requirements of the university they plan to attend.

English Language Development

These courses are for students whose native language is not English and who need individual and small group   instruction. Arrangements are made through the counselor and the ELD teacher.

English Language Development

These courses are for students whose native language is not English and who need individual and small group   instruction. Arrangements are made through the counselor and the ELD teacher.